Go-Ichi-Ni-San 2: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human cancers

Cancer incidence and mortality are increasing globally, leading to its rising status as a leading cause of death. The Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex plays a crucial role in DNA replication and the cell cycle. The GINS complex consists of four subunits encoded by the GINS1, GINS2, GINS3, and GINS4 genes. Recent findings have shown that GINS2 expression is upregulated in many diseases, particularly tumors. For example, increased GINS2 expression has been found in cervical cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, glioma, non-small cell lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It correlates with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors. In addition, high GINS2 expression plays a pro-carcinogenic role in tumor development by promoting tumor cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis, and blocking the cell cycle. This review describes the upregulation of GINS2 expression in most human tumors and the pathway of GINS2 in tumor development. GINS2 may serve as a new marker for tumor diagnosis and a new biological target for therapy.     

ExacTrac系统在颅脑肿瘤放疗摆位中的应用

目的 使用ExacTrac与OBI系统对颅内肿瘤进行图像引导放疗,并用锥形束CT(CBCT)验证ExacTrac系统移床修正后的结果,评估ExacTrac系统在颅脑肿瘤放射治疗中的摆位精度.方法 选取2017年1月至2018年1月中山大学附属第一医院收治的28例颅脑肿瘤放疗患者作为研究对象.先利用三维激光系统摆位,用ExacTrac系统拍摄两幅交叉的X线图像,得到三维平移误差X(左右)、Y(进出)、Z(升降)和对应的旋转误差Rx、Ry、Rz,进行六维移床修正后,再使用ExacTrac系统验证修正后的位置并在加速器上进行CBCT扫描.记录ExacTrac修正前、后以及CBCT的摆位误差并统计分析.结果 ExacTrac系统修正前X、Y、Z三个方向的平移误差分别为(-0.38±1.38)mm、(0.30±1.37)mm、(-0.55±1.12)mm,修正后的误差为(0.02±0.31)mm、(0.01±0.25)mm、(-0.03±0.27)mm,其对应的旋转误差分别为(-0.18±1.08)°、(0.35±1.60)°、(0.21±1.11).和(0.06±0.19)°、(0.01±0.23)°、(-0.03±0.30)°,修正前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CBCT验证ExacTrac修正后的误差为(0.26±0.59)mm、(-0.42±0.55)mm、(0.22±0.53)mm,均不超过±1 mm.结论 ExacTrac系统配合六维床可明显降低摆位误差,提高治疗精度,是一种在颅脑肿瘤放射治疗中可靠的图像引导方法.     

啤酒制造工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患及其影响因素分析

目的 调查啤酒制造工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（WMSDs）的现状并探讨其影响因素。方法 采用流行病学横断面调查方法，选择广州市某大型啤酒制造厂501名啤酒制造工人为研究对象，应用中文版《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》调查WMSDs的患病现状，采用多因素Logistic回归方法分析工人罹患WMSDs的影响因素。结果 啤酒制造工人WMSDs总发生率为39.7%（199/501），其中发生率较高的部位是颈部27.1%（136/501）、肩部25.0%（125/501）、下背部24.0%（120/501）、上背部23.2%（116/501）。啤酒制造工人罹患多部位WMSDs的比例为28.9%（145/501），单一部位发生率为10.8%（54/501）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，与总工龄<5年者相比，工龄10～<15年的工人罹患WMSDs的风险增加（P<0.05）；吸烟≥20支/周、经常替同事上班者罹患WMSDs的风险增加（P<0.05）。结论 啤酒制造工人WMSDs患病风险较高，发生率较高的部位分别是颈部、肩部和下背部。啤酒制造行业应加强员工健康培训，注意对工龄较长员工的保护，宣传吸烟危害，合理安排工人轮休和作息，以降低工人罹患WMSDs的风险。     

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 functions as a novel biomarker in liver cancer and other tumour progression

Cancer has become the most life-threatening disease in the world. Mutations in and aberrant expression of genes encoding proteins and mutations in noncoding RNAs, especially long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have significant effects in human cancers. LncRNAs have no protein-coding ability but function extensively in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) is a novel lncRNA and has been reported to be differentially expressed in various tumors, such as liver cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma. However, the interaction mechanisms for the regulation between SNHG3 and tumor progression are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the results of SNHG3 studies in humans, animal models, and cells to underline the expression and role of SNHG3 in cancer. SNHG3 expression is upregulated in most tumors and is detrimental to patient prognosis. SNHG3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial. Concurrently, SNHG3 affects oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through various mechanisms, including competing endogenous RNA effects. A deeper understanding of the contribution of SNHG3 in clinical applications and tumor development may provide a new target for cancer diagnosis and treatment.     

雷公藤柱层析中段和末段组分的急性毒性实验

目的:比较雷公藤柱层析中段和末段组分对小鼠急性毒性和大鼠急性肝损伤的影响,评价中段和末段组分的毒性强弱和毒性物质基础,初步探讨中段和末段组分中成分与毒性的关系。方法:HPLC法测定中段和末段组分中6个有效成分(毒性成分)的含量。采用经典的急性毒性实验方法,Bliss法计算半数致死量(LD_(50))。SD大鼠单次灌胃中段和末段组分,观察急性肝损伤情况。给药后48 h眼眶采血,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力,肝脏HE染色,光镜下观察肝组织形态学改变,原位末端转移酶标记技术(TUNEL染色法)检测中段和末段组分对肝细胞凋亡的影响。结果:中段和末段组分中所测成分的含量差异较大,LD_(50)分别为297.551、558.578 mg·kg~(-1)。大鼠灌胃后造成不同程度的急性肝损伤,与正常对照组比较,中段组分的高、低剂量组和末段组分的高剂量组均能明显升高大鼠血清中AST和ALT活性(P0.01),明显诱导大鼠肝细胞凋亡(P0.01)。结论:雷公藤柱层析中段组分毒性强于末段组分,毒性物质基础以二萜、生物碱类为主,毒性主要表现为急性肝损伤,毒性成分与毒性存在量效关系。     

中西医结合治疗癫痫伴抑郁Meta分析

目的:系统评价中西医结合治疗癫痫伴抑郁患者的临床疗效。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国医学生物文献数据库、维普资讯、PubMed及Web of Science等中英文数据库,筛选出自各数据库建库以来至2018年7月关于中西医结合治疗癫痫伴抑郁的临床随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)研究,根据系统评价标准依次进行文献质量评价和Meta分析。结果:纳入14个研究,共1183例患者。Meta分析结果显示:中西医结合治疗癫痫伴抑郁在降低HAMD评分、提高QLOIE-31评分方面优于单纯西药治疗。癫痫发作频次改善率效应值合并量OR=3.53,95%CI(1.73,7.17),Z=3.48(P=0.0005),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临床安全性效应值合并量OR=0.59,95%CI(0.35,0.98),Z=2.03(P=0.04),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合足疗程治疗癫痫伴抑郁临床疗效优于单纯西药治疗,且临床安全性良好,但因纳入研究数量和质量有限,上述结论尚待高质量的RCT研究验证。